Bayer is universally linked to Aspirin, the acetylsalicylic acid tablet that transformed pain relief and cardiovascular care.
Aspirin’s birth in Bayer’s labs
In the late 1800s Bayer was a leading producer of synthetic dyes. Chemist Felix Hoffmann was asked to find a gentler form of salicylic acid, a bitter compound derived from willow bark. In 1897 he acetylated salicylic acid, creating a stable, less irritating molecule later named acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
Trademark and early marketing
Two years after the synthesis, Bayer registered the trade name Aspirin. The drug was first sold as a powder in glass bottles, then as the familiar tablet in 1915. Rapid adoption by physicians and later direct‑to‑consumer sales made it a household name.
Why aspirin works
ASA blocks the enzyme cyclo‑oxygenase‑1 (COX‑1) in platelets, preventing the formation of thromboxane A2, a molecule that makes platelets stick together. This action reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and, at low doses, the risk of blood clots.
From painkiller to essential medicine
Beyond headache relief, low‑dose aspirin became a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention. Doctors prescribe it to lower the chance of heart attacks and ischemic strokes. The World Health Organization lists aspirin on its Essential Medicines roster, reflecting its global health impact.
Legacy and modern Bayer
Although Bayer now offers a broad portfolio—including oncology drugs, agricultural chemicals, and consumer health products—Aspirin remains its signature achievement. The company’s early work in organic synthesis set the stage for later innovations, but the white tablet continues to define Bayer’s public image.
Other notable Bayer drugs
While Aspirin dominates the brand’s history, Bayer has introduced other medicines such as Alka‑Seltzer (effervescent antacid) and the prescription anticoagulant Xarelto. None have matched Aspirin’s cultural and clinical reach.