Peracetic acid is a powerful oxidizing sanitizer that chemically degrades organic soils, fats, proteins, polysaccharides and microbial biofilms, converting them into water‑soluble fragments.
How peracetic acid works
When dissolved in water, peracetic acid (CH₃COOOH) releases reactive oxygen species that attack chemical bonds. The reaction produces acetic acid, water and carbon dioxide, leaving no harmful residues.
Organic substances it dissolves
- Fats and oils: The peroxide group cleaves ester bonds, turning greasy films into soluble fatty acids.
- Proteins and amino acids: Oxidation breaks peptide bonds, denaturing and solubilizing protein layers.
- Polysaccharides and sugars: Hydroxyl groups are oxidized, fragmenting cellulose, starch and other carbohydrates.
- Biofilm matrices: The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that holds microbial colonies together is oxidized, causing the film to disintegrate.
Inorganic residues it can affect
While primarily an organic oxidizer, peracetic acid can also dissolve certain mineral deposits, such as calcium carbonate, by converting them to soluble calcium acetate. It is less effective on inert metals or silica.
Typical applications
Industries that need thorough sanitation—food processing, dairy, beverage production, pharmaceutical equipment, and water treatment—use peracetic acid to remove stubborn residues and biofilms without leaving toxic residues.
Safety and handling
Because it decomposes to harmless by‑products, peracetic acid is considered environmentally friendly. However, it is a strong irritant; proper ventilation, protective gloves and eye protection are required during use.
Comparison with other cleaners
Unlike chlorine‑based sanitizers, peracetic acid does not produce chlorinated by‑products. Compared with simple acids, its oxidizing power gives it the ability to break down complex organic matrices rather than merely dissolve them.